Naon cét tina mobil sareng naon kandelna dina modél anu béda
eusi
Awak mobil mangrupikeun bagian anu paling penting sareng paling mahal dina mobil. Bagéan na didamel tina logam lambar ku cara dicap, teras dilas kana hiji tunggal. Pikeun ngajagaan logam tina korosi, cet mobil parantos dilarapkeun di pabrik, anu hartosna cet. Éta henteu ngan ukur ngajagaan, tapi ogé masihan penampilan anu saé sareng estetika. Umur jasa awak sareng mobil sacara umum bakal gumantung kana kualitas palapisna, kandelna sareng perawatan salajengna.
Téknologi lukisan mobil di pabrik
Di pabrik, prosés ngalukis lumangsung dina sababaraha tahapan saluyu sareng sadaya standar. Pabrikan sacara mandiri netepkeun kandel cetna, tapi dina kerangka sarat sareng standar.
- Mimiti, logam lambar galvanis dina dua sisi. Ieu ngajagi tina korosi bisi kamungkinan karusakan dina cet. Kalayan bantuan listrik statis, molekul séng nutupan logam, ngabentuk lapisan rata kalayan kandel 5-10 mikron.
- Teras permukaan awak leres-leres diberesihan sareng degreased. Pikeun ngalakukeun ieu, awak dicelupkeun dina mandi ku agén pembersih, teras leyuran degreasing disemprot. Saatos dikumbah sareng garing, awak siap pikeun léngkah salajengna.
- Salajengna, awak fosfat atanapi primed. Rupa-rupa uyah fosfor ngabentuk lapisan fosfat logam kristalin. Primer khusus ogé dilarapkeun dina handapeun sareng lengkungan roda, anu ngawangun lapisan pelindung ngalawan tiupan batu.
- Dina tahap pamungkas, lapisan cet nyalira diterapkeun. Lapisan kahiji nyaéta cet, sareng anu kadua nyaéta varnish, anu masihan gloss sareng daya tahan. Dina hal ieu, metoda éléktrostatik dipaké, anu ngamungkinkeun pikeun nerapkeun lapisan anu rata.
Ampir mustahil pikeun malikeun téknologi sapertos diluar kaayaan pabrik, ku alatan éta, lukisan artisanal (bahkan kualitas luhur) atanapi polesan kasar pasti bakal ngarobah kandel cetna, sanaos sacara luarna ieu panginten henteu tiasa diperhatoskeun. Ieu leres leres pikeun anu milari mésér mobil tilas.
Tahap ngalukis awak dina bengkel
Lukisan awak lengkep dina bengkel nyéépkeun waktos sareng mahal. Peryogi nalika cét parantos parah atanapi nalika warna na robih. Langkung sering, lukisan lokal tina unsur rusak naon anu dilakukeun.
- Dina tahap kahiji, permukaan parantos disiapkeun. Sadaya bagian anu henteu diperyogikeun dikaluarkeun tina awak (gagang, pelapis, panel hiasan, sareng sajabana). Daérah anu rusak ditarik, permukaanna diberesihan sareng diréduksi.
- Léngkah salajengna disebut persiapan. Lacak korosi dikaluarkeun tina permukaan, pangobatan kalayan séng fosfat atanapi taneuh pasip dilaksanakeun. Beungeutna didasarkeun, bahan dasar sareng dempul dilarapkeun ka daérah anu rusak. Éta mangrupikeun tahap persiapan anu peryogi paling waktos sareng usaha.
- Dina tahap pamungkas, cet sareng varnis dilarapkeun nganggo senapan semprot. Master nerapkeun cet dina sababaraha lapisan, ngantepkeun garing. Teras permukaanna dihurutan sareng digosok. Varnis ngajaga cet tina Uap, radiasi ultraviolét sareng goresan minor.
Kamungkinan cacat sareng karusakan
Saatos ngalukis, sagala rupa cacad tiasa waé tetep dina permukaan. Éta kabagi kana sababaraha jinis ieu:
- shagreen - depresi anu nyarupaan kulit khusus diasah;
- netes - kandel undulate diwangun salaku hasil tina ngeclak cet;
- keriput - sering tilepan;
- résiko - goresan tina abrasive;
- inklusi - partikel asing dina cet;
- nuansa béda - nuansa béda tina cet;
- pori-pori nyaéta déprési punctate.
Ampir teu mungkin pikeun ngajaga cet mobil dina kaayaan sampurna pikeun waktos anu lami. Rupa-rupa faktor tiasa kompromi integritasna. Hésé milari mobil langkung ti dua taun teu aya ruksakna cétna.
Faktor ieu tiasa mangaruhan lapisan cet:
- pangaruh lingkungan (hujan, hujan es, panonpoé, parobihan suhu ngadadak, manuk, sareng sajabana);
- bahan kimia (réagen di jalan, cairan korosif);
- karusakan mékanis (goresan, batu neunggeul, chip, akibat tina kacilakaan).
Supirna kedah nuturkeun aturan pikeun ngurus cétna. Malah ngusap ku kaén anu garing sareng atos daunna goresan alit dina awak. Bebersih agrésif sareng sering ogé henteu diperhatoskeun.
Kumaha meunteun kualitas
Pikeun ngukur kualitas cét, digunakeun konsép sapertos adési. Metode pikeun nangtoskeun caket dianggo henteu ngan ukur pikeun awak, tapi ogé pikeun permukaan sanés anu dilapiskeun lapisan cet.
Adhesion dipikaharti salaku résistansi tina cet pikeun peeling, flaking sareng pamisah.
Cara pikeun nangtoskeun adési sapertos kieu. Kalayan bantuan agul agul, 6 potongan lurus sareng horizontal dilarapkeun dina permukaan, anu ngabentuk bolong. Jarak antara kiyeu bakal gumantung kana kandelna:
- nepi ka 60 mikron - interval 1 mm;
- ti 61 dugi 120 mikron - interval 2 mm;
- ti 121 ka 250 - interval 3 mm.
Bahan cetna diteukteuk kana logam. Saatos nerapkeun bolong, pita perekat dipasang di luhur. Teras, saatos nangtung salami 30 detik, pita perekat dipeureumkeun bari henteu jerking. Hasil tés dibandingkeun numutkeun tabel. Éta sadayana gumantung kana tingkat flaking kotak. Adhesion dipeunteun dina lima poin. Dina nol adhesion, lapisan kedah tetep rata, tanpa flaking atanapi roughness. Ieu ngandung harti yén cétna kualitas luhur.
Aya ogé alat khusus pikeun ngalaksanakeun tés - méter adhesion. Anjeun tiasa nyetél interval anu khusus sareng ngagambar kisi kalayan merenah.
Salaku tambahan kana parameter ieu, bedana ogé dilakukeun antara:
- gelar gloss tina cet;
- tingkat karasa jeung karasa;
- kandelna.
Kandel palapis cet
Pikeun ngukur kandel cétna, alat gauge ketebalan dianggo. Patarosan timbul: naha anjeun kedah terang kandel cet na sareng naon anu kedahna pikeun mobil ti pabrik?
Nalika mésér mobil tilas, ngukur kandel hasil cetna tiasa nangtoskeun daérah anu dicét deui, saéngga ngaidentipikasi dents kapungkur sareng cacat anu penjual henteu sadar.
Kandelna cét diukur dina mikron. Kandelna pabrik ampir sadaya mobil modéren aya dina kisaran 80-170 mikron. Model anu bénten-bénten ngagaduhan parameter anu bénten-bénten, anu bakal kami masihan dina tabel di handap ieu.
Naon anu kedah diperhatoskeun nalika ngukur
Nalika ngukur kandel cétna, diperhatoskeun sababaraha hal:
- Pangukuran kedah dilaksanakeun dina permukaan anu bersih tanpa kokotor.
- Angka dina tabel kadang-kadang tiasa béda sakedik tina pangukuran anu saleresna. Salaku conto, kalayan standar 100-120 mikron, hargana nunjukkeun 130 mikron di daérah anu tangtu. Ieu henteu hartosna yén bagian na parantos dicét. Éror ieu tiasa ditampi.
- Upami nilaina langkung luhur tibatan 190 mikron, maka bagian ieu parantos diolah sacara akurat. Ukur 1% mobil premium gaduh cét langkung kandel tibatan 200 mikron. Upami nilaina 300 mikron, maka ieu nunjukkeun ayana dempul.
- Pangukuran kedah dimimitian ti hateup, kumargi daérah ieu henteu aya résiko sareng cetna bakal didamel pabrik didinya. Candak nilai anu dihasilkeun salaku anu asli sareng bandingkeun sareng anu sanés.
- Kedah diémutan yén bahkan dina mobil énggal, kandelna di daérah panginten benten. Ieu normal. Salaku conto, tiung na 140 microns, sareng panto na 100-120 mikron.
- Kandelna unsur internal biasana henteu ngaleuwihan 40-80 mikron, kusabab permukaan ieu henteu peryogi panyalindungan tambahan tina batu atanapi zat agrésif.
- Khususna sacara ati-ati parios bagian-bagian awak anu paling rentan ka dampak (bemper, fenders, panto, jst.).
- Poles ngarobih ketebalanna sakedik, tapi vinil sareng pilem pelindung sanés tiasa ningkatkeun ketebalanna ku 100-200 mikron.
Tabel kandel cet dina mobil anu béda
Salajengna, kami nampilkeun tabel modél mobil, mangtaun-taun pembuatan sareng ketebalan cet.
Acura, Alfa Romeo, Audi, BMW
| tanda | model | Mangsa-taun pembuatan / awak | Kandel cet, mikron |
| ACURA | TLX | IV 2008 | 105-135 |
| MDX | III 2013 | 125-140 | |
| RDX | III 2013 | 125-140 | |
| Alfa Romeo | Goliat | II 2010 | 170-225 |
| Mitos | 2008 | 120-140 | |
| Ngawali | А1 | 2010 - Nov (I) | 125-170 |
| abdi | 2012 - nv (8V) | 120-140 | |
| abdi | 2003–2013 (8P) | 80-100 | |
| S3 | 2012 - nv | 120-150 | |
| S3 Ngarobih | 2012 - nv | 110-135 | |
| А4 | 2015 - nv (B9) | 125-145 | |
| А4 | 2007–2015 (B8) | 120-140 | |
| А4 | 2004-2007 (B7) | 100-140 | |
| А4 | 2001-2005 (B6) | 120-140 | |
| S4 | 2012 - nv | 125-145 | |
| RS4 | 2012 - nv | 120-140 | |
| А5 | 2007 - nv | 100-120 | |
| S5 | 2011 - nv | 130-145 | |
| RS5 Ngarobih | 2014 - nv | 110-130 | |
| А6 | 2011 - nv (Q) | 120-140 | |
| А6 | 2004–2010 (C6) | 120-140 | |
| RS6 | 2012 - nv | 110-145 | |
| А7 | 2010 - nv | 100-135 | |
| RS7 | 2014 - nv | 100-140 | |
| А8 | 2010 - nv (04) | 100-120 | |
| А8 | 2003-2010 (D3) | 100-120 | |
| A8L | 2013 - nv | 105-130 | |
| S8 | 2013 - nv | 110-130 | |
| Q3 | 2011 - nv | 115-140 | |
| RS Q3 | 2013 - nv | 110-140 | |
| Q5 | 2008 - nv | 125-155 | |
| SQ5 | 2014 - nv | 125-150 | |
| Q7 | 2015 - nv | 120-160 | |
| Q7 | 2006-2015 | 100-140 | |
| TT | 2014 - nv | 100-115 | |
| TT | 2006-2014 | 105-130 | |
| A4 ngaleutikan | 2009 - nv. | 120-150 | |
| BMW | 1 janten | 2011 - nv (F20) | 120-140 |
| 1 janten | 2004-2011 (E81) | 100-140 | |
| 2 janten | 2014 - nv | 105-140 | |
| 3 janten | 2012 - nv (F30) | 120-130 | |
| 3 janten | 2005-2012 (F92) | 110-140 | |
| 3 janten | 1998-2005 (E46) | 120-140 | |
| 4 janten | 2014 - nv | 115-135 | |
| 4 janten cabrio | 2014 - nv | 125-145 | |
| 5 janten | 2010 - nv (F10) | 90-140 | |
| 5 janten | 2003-2010 (E60) | 130-165 | |
| 5 janten | 1995-2004 (E39) | 140-160 | |
| 6 janten | 2011 - nv (F06) | 120-145 | |
| 6 janten | 2003-2011 (E63) | 120-145 | |
| 7 janten | 2008-2015 (F01) | 100-130 | |
| 7 janten | 2001-2008 (E65) | 120-160 | |
| 6T | 2014 - nv | 160-185 | |
| Ml | 2011 - nv (F20-F21) | 110-135 | |
| М2 | 2015 - nv | 105-140 | |
| М3 | 2011 - nv | 105-135 | |
| M4 | 2014 - nv | 100-130 | |
| MS | 2010 - nv | 90-140 | |
| M6 | 2011 - nv | 100-130 | |
| X-1 | 2009-2015 (E84) | 115-130 | |
| X-3 | 2010 - nv (F25) | 120-130 | |
| X-3 | 2003-2010 (E83) | 90-100 | |
| X-3M | 2015 - nv | 100-120 | |
| X-4 | 2014 - nv | 120-130 | |
| X-5 | 2013 - nv (F15) | 100-125 | |
| X-5 | 2006-2013 (E70) | 140-160 | |
| X-5 | 1999-2006 (E53) | 110-130 | |
| X-6 | 2014 - nv (F16) | 120-165 | |
| X-6 | 2008-2014 (E71) | 110-160 | |
| X-5M | 2013 - nv (F85) | 115-120 | |
| X-5M | 2006-2013 (E70) | 140-160 | |
| X-6M | 2014 - nv (F86) | 120-165 | |
| X-6M | 2008-2014 (E71) | 110-160 | |
| Z-4 | 2009 - anyar (E89) | 90-130 |
Brilliance, BYD, Cadillac, Changan, Chery, Chevrolet, Chrysler, Citroen
| tanda | model | Mangsa-taun pembuatan / awak | Kandel cet, mikron |
| BRILLIANCE | H230 | 2014 - nv | 185-220 |
| H230 Hatchback | 2015 - nv | 165-195 | |
| H530 | 2011 - nv | 80-125 | |
| V5 | 2014 - nv | 170-190 | |
| BYD | F3 | 2006-2014 | 90-100 |
| mios | ATS | 2012 - nv | 115-160 |
| BL5 | 2005-2010 | 110-150 | |
| as | 2014 - nv | 105-160 | |
| as | 2007-2014 | 115-155 | |
| as | 2003-2007 | 120-150 | |
| climbing | 2015 - nv | 140-150 | |
| climbing | 2006-2015 | 135-150 | |
| climbing | 2002-2006 | 120-170 | |
| SRX | 2010 - nv | 125-160 | |
| SRX | 2004-2010 | 110-150 | |
| CANGAN | Édo | 2013 - nv | 130-160 |
| CS 35 | 2013 - nv | 160-190 | |
| Reaton | 2013 - nv | 120-140 | |
| SANGAT | tambahan | 2011 - Nov (A13) | 100-125 |
| pisan | 2011 - Nov (A13) | 100-125 | |
| Urang India | 2011 - nv (S180) | 120-140 | |
| Rébuan Sedan | 2010 - Nov (A3) | 90-120 | |
| leunjeur | 2010 - Nov (A3) | 90-120 | |
| 3 bonus | 2014 - Nov (A19) | 110-130 | |
| arizzo | 2014 - nv | 105-140 | |
| Amulet | 2003–2013 (A15) | 110-120 | |
| Tigo | 2006–2014 (T11) | 120-140 | |
| Anjeun 5 | 2014 - nv | 110-130 | |
| CHEVROLET | Camaro | 2013 - nv | 190-220 |
| Blazer jalan satapak | 2013 - nv | 115-140 | |
| Jalan raya | 2008 - nv | 155-205 | |
| Silverado | 2013 - nv | 120-140 | |
| Tahoe | 2014 - nv | 120-145 | |
| Tahoe | 2006-2014 | 160-180 | |
| Tracker | 2015 - nv | 115-150 | |
| Jaga | 2010-2015 | 115-130 | |
| Epik | 2006-2012 | 90-100 | |
| Laces | 2004-2013 | 110-140 | |
| lanos | 2005-2009 | 105-135 | |
| manuk | 2012 - nv | 150-170 | |
| manuk | 2006-2012 | 80-100 | |
| cruze | 2009-2015 | 135-165 | |
| kobalt | 2013 - nv | 115-200 | |
| captivate | 2005-2015 | 115-140 | |
| Tingkat | 2002 - nv | 100-140 | |
| Orlando | 2011-2015 | 115-140 | |
| Rezzo | 2004-2010 | 80-130 | |
| Chrysler | 300C | 2010 - nv | 120-150 |
| 300C | 2004-2010 | 160-170 | |
| Great Voyager | 2007 - nv | 155-215 | |
| PT - kapal pesiar | 2000-2010 | 120-160 | |
| CITROEN | C4 picasso | 2014 - nv | 120-140 |
| C4 picasso | 2007-2014 | 110-130 | |
| Luncat | 2007 - nv | 110-135 | |
| Jumper | 2007 - nv | 105-120 | |
| berlingo | 2008-2015 | 120-150 | |
| berlingo | 2002-2012 | 110-140 | |
| C3 picasso | 2009 - nv | 85 -100 | |
| Xsara picasso | 2000-2010 | 75-120 | |
| C4 aircross | 2012 - nv | 105-125 | |
| C-élysee | 2013 - nv | 105-145 | |
| C - Pameuntasan | 2007-2013 | 55-90 | |
| C4 sédan | 2011 - nv | 105-125 | |
| DS3 | 2010-2015 | 90-150 | |
| DS4 | 2012-2015 | 115-145 | |
| C1 | 2005-2015 | 110-130 | |
| C2 | 2003-2008 | 120-140 | |
| C3 | 2010 - nv | 90-120 | |
| C3 | 2002-2009 | 90-120 | |
| C4 | 2011 - nv | 125-150 | |
| C4 | 2004-2011 | 75-125 | |
| C5 | 2007 - nv | 110-130 | |
| C5 | 2001-2008 | 110-140 |
Daewoo, Datsun, Dodge, Fiat, Ford, Geely, Tembok Ageung, DFM, FAW, Haval
| tanda | model | Mangsa-taun pembuatan / awak | Kandel cet, mikron |
| DAEWOO | Nexia | 2008-2015 | 105-130 |
| Hue | 2000-2015 | 100-110 | |
| Gentra | 2013 - nv | 115-140 | |
| lanos | 1997-2009 | 105-135 | |
| DATSUN | dina Do | 2014 - nv | 105-125 |
| abdi Do | 2015 - nv | 105-125 | |
| DODGE | haliber | 2006-2012 | 120-160 |
| kapilah | 2007 - nv | 150-180 | |
| Fiat | Bodas | 2004-2012 | 115-130 |
| titik | 2005-2015 | 110-120 | |
| kuring ganda | 2005-2014 | 105-135 | |
| Kadipaten | 2007 - nv | 85-100 | |
| 500 | 2007 - nv | 210-260 | |
| Fremont | 2013 - nv | 125-145 | |
| Taméng | 2007 - nv | 90-120 | |
| RÉTAN | fokus 3 | 2011 - nv | 120-140 |
| fokus 2 | 2005-2011 | 110-130 | |
| fokus 1 | 1999-2005 | 110-135 | |
| Pokus ST | 2012 - nv | 105-120 | |
| Fiesta | 2015 - nv (mk6 RUS) | 120-150 | |
| Fiesta | 2008–2013 (mk6) | 110-140 | |
| Fiesta | 2001–2008 (mk5) | 85-100 | |
| Fusion | 2002-2012 | 75-120 | |
| Eco - Olahraga | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
| kabur | 2001-2012 | 105-145 | |
| jelema nu ngajajah | 2011 - nv | 55-90 | |
| Explorer Olahraga | 2011 - nv | 105-125 | |
| Dunya | 2015 - nv | 90-150 | |
| Dunya | 2007-2015 | 115-145 | |
| Dunya | 2000-2007 | 110-130 | |
| Maverick | 2000-2010 | 120-140 | |
| C-Max | 2010 – n.v | 90-120 | |
| C-Max | 2003-2010 | 90-120 | |
| S-Max | 2006-2015 | 125-150 | |
| Galaxy | 2006-2015 | 75-125 | |
| Wabah | 2013 - nv | 110-130 | |
| Wabah | 2008-2013 | 110-140 | |
| sisi | 2013-2015 | 105-130 | |
| Bahaya | 2012-2015 | 100-110 | |
| Bahaya | 2006-2012 | 115-140 | |
| Pas custom | 105-135 | ||
| ngaliwat | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
| ngaliwat | 2000-2014 | 105-125 | |
| Sambungkeun lolos | 2002-2013 | 120-160 | |
| Pasanggiri | 2000-2012 | 150-180 | |
| Tourneo Adat | 2013 - nv | 115-130 | |
| Tourneo Sambungkeun | 2002-2013 | 110-120 | |
| GEULI | Ngahasilkeun x7 | 2013 - nv | 105-135 |
| Ngahasilkeun ec7 | 2009 - nv | 85-100 | |
| MK | 2008-2014 | 210-260 | |
| GC5 RV | 2014 | 125-145 | |
| Otaka | 2005 - nv | 90-120 | |
| Gc6 | 2014 - nv | 120-140 | |
| Tembok gede | Wingle 5 anyar | 2007 - nv | 80-115 |
| M4 | 2013 - nv | 110-140 | |
| H5 énggal | 2011 - nv | 90-105 | |
| H6 AT | 2013 - nv | 135-150 | |
| hover | 2005-2010 | 130-150 | |
| DFM | beunghar | 2014 - nv | 60-125 |
| V25 | 2014 - nv | 80-105 | |
| Suksés | 2014 - nv | 80-105 | |
| Silang H30 | 2014 - nv | 115-130 | |
| S30 | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
| AX7 | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
| FAW | V5 | 2013 - nv | 95-105 |
| Beston B50 | 2012 - nv | 100-120 | |
| Pangalusna X80 | 2014 - nv | 115-140 | |
| Beston B70 | 2014 - nv | 125-150 | |
| Babaturan | H8 | 2014 - nv | 170-200 |
| H6 | 2014 - nv | 115-135 | |
| H2 | 2014 - nv | 120-140 | |
| H9 | 2014 - nv | 190-220 | |
| Wabah | 2013 - nv | 110-130 | |
| Wabah | 2008-2013 | 110-140 |
Honda, Hyundai, Teu aya watesna, Jaguar, Jeep, KIA, Lada (ВЗЗ), Land Rover, Rover, Lexus, Lincoln, Lifan, Mazda
| tanda | model | Mangsa-taun pembuatan / awak | Kandel cet, mikron |
| Honda | atos | 2013-2015 | 130-150 |
| atos | 2008-2013 | 155-165 | |
| atos | 2002-2008 | 130-145 | |
| CR-V | 2012 - nv | 95-125 | |
| CR-V | 2007-2012 | 80-100 | |
| CR-V | 2002-2007 | 90-120 | |
| Civic | 2012 - nv | 110-130 | |
| Civic | 2006-2012 | 90-130 | |
| Civic 4D | 2006-2008 | 115-140 | |
| Civic | 2000-2006 | 100-130 | |
| Wisata silang | 2011-2015 | 110-140 | |
| Fit | 2001-2008 | 85-100 | |
| jazz | 2002-2012 | 85-100 | |
| Aria | 110-115 | ||
| dongeng | 2008-2012 | 120-160 | |
| Pilot | 2006-2015 | 110-135 | |
| Hyundai | Aksés | 2006-2015 | 110-130 |
| Elantra | 2006-2015 | 110-135 | |
| Elantra | 2012 - nv | 105-120 | |
| Elantra | 2015 - nv (mk6 RUS) | 120-150 | |
| Sonata | 2008–2013 (mk6) | 110-140 | |
| Sonata NF | 2001–2008 (mk5) | 85-100 | |
| Sonata | 2002-2012 | 75 -120 | |
| Equus | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
| Ukuranna | 2001-2012 | 105 -145 | |
| Genesis | 2011 - nv | 55-90 | |
| Genesis | 2011 - nv | 105-125 | |
| Getz | 2015 - nv | 90-150 | |
| matrix | 2007-2015 | 115-145 | |
| Santa Fe klasik | 2000-2007 | 110-130 | |
| Santa Fe | 2000-2010 | 120-140 | |
| Santa Fe | 2010 - nv | 90-120 | |
| Solaris | 2003-2010 | 90-120 | |
| Solaris | 2006-2015 | 125-150 | |
| Grand santa fe | 2006-2015 | 75-125 | |
| Starex | 2013 - nv | 110-130 | |
| Tucson | 2008-2013 | 110-140 | |
| Tucson Anyar | 2016 - nv | 90-120 | |
| veloster | 2012 - nv | 105-130 | |
| i20 | 2008-2016 | 100-120 | |
| i30 | 2012 - nv | 95-120 | |
| i30 | 2007-2012 | 100-130 | |
| i40 | 2012 - nv | 105-140 | |
| ix35 | 2010 - nv | 105-125 | |
| taya watesna | QX70 / FX37 | 2008 - nv | 95-130 |
| QX80 / QX56 | 2010 - nv | 115-145 | |
| QX50 / EX25 | 2007 - nv | 115-125 | |
| Q50 | 2013 - nv | 130-140 | |
| QX60 | 2014 - nv | 120-140 | |
| FX35 | 2002-2008 | 110-120 | |
| JAGUAR | F-tipe | 2013 - nv | 95-130 |
| S-jenis | 1999-2007 | 130-180 | |
| Tipe X | 2001-2010 | 100-126 | |
| XE | 2015 - nv | 115-150 | |
| XF | 2007-2015 | 120-145 | |
| XJ | 2009 - nv | 85-125 | |
| JEEP extension | Kompas | 2011 - nv | 125-145 |
| Cherokee | 2014 - nv | 90-120 | |
| Cherokee | 2007-2013 | 120-140 | |
| Grand cherokee | 2011 - nv | 80-115 | |
| Grand cherokee | 2004-2010 | 110-140 | |
| Rubicon | 2014 - nv | 90-105 | |
| Wrangler | 2007 - nv | 135-150 | |
| kia | Ceed | 2012 - nv | 100-130 |
| Ceed | 2006-2012 | 115-125 | |
| Ceed GT | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
| Cerato | 2013 - nv | 105-140 | |
| Cerato | 2009-2013 | 100-140 | |
| Optimal | 2010-2016 | 115-130 | |
| pikeun Ceed | 2007-2014 | 110-125 | |
| lada | 2011 - nv | 95-120 | |
| mohave | 2008 - nv | 110-130 | |
| Quoris | 2013 - nv | 150-180 | |
| Rio | 2005-2011 | 105-125 | |
| Rio | 2011 – n.v | 100-130 | |
| spéktra | 2006-2009 | 125-160 | |
| Olahraga | 2015 - nv | 100-135 | |
| Olahraga | 2010-2015 | 95-120 | |
| Olahraga | 2004-2010 | 100-140 | |
| Sorento | 2009-2015 | 115-120 | |
| Sorento | 2002-2009 | 115-150 | |
| Sorento Perdana | 2015 - nv | 180-200 | |
| jiwa | 2014 - nv | 100-120 | |
| jiwa | 2008-2014 | 115-135 | |
| Kadieu | 2011 - nv | 105-125 | |
| VAZ Lada | 2107 | 2014 - nv | 120-140 |
| 2109 | 2002-2008 | 110-120 | |
| 2110 | 2013 - nv | 95-130 | |
| 2112 | 1999-2007 | 130-180 | |
| 2114-15 | 2001-2010 | 100-126 | |
| Prioritas | 2015 - nv | 115-150 | |
| Largus | 2007-2015 | 120-145 | |
| Viburnum | 2009 - nv | 85-125 | |
| Kalina 2 | 2011 - nv | 125-145 | |
| Kalina Olahraga | 2014 - nv | 90-120 | |
| Kalina silang | 2007-2013 | 120-140 | |
| Palang Largus | 2011 - nv | 80-115 | |
| Ngabulkeun | 2004-2010 | 110-140 | |
| Granta Olahraga | 2014 - nv | 90-105 | |
| Granta Hatchback | 2007 - nv | 135-150 | |
| 4X4 Tingkat 3d | 2012 - nv | 100-130 | |
| 4X4 Tingkat 5d | 2006-2012 | 115-125 | |
| Vesta | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
| Sinar X | 2013 - nv | 105-140 | |
| LOVER TANAH | Pagawé Leupas | 2009-2013 | 100-140 |
| nepungan | 2010-2016 | 115-130 | |
| nepungan | 2007-2014 | 110-125 | |
| Papanggihan Olahraga | 2011 - nv | 95-120 | |
| RangeRover | 2008 - nv | 110-130 | |
| RangeRoverVogue | 2013 - nv | 150-180 | |
| Ranoe Rover Olahraga | 2005-2011 | 105-125 | |
| Range Rover SVR | 2013 - nv | 130-170 | |
| Ngarobih Rover Evogue | 2011 - nv | 135-150 | |
| rover | model 75 | 1999-2004 | 130-150 |
| Lexus | Т200 | 2011 - nv | 145-175 |
| ES | 2006 - nv | 140-145 | |
| GS | 2012 - nv | 160-185 | |
| GS | 2005-2012 | 120-160 | |
| GX | 2002 - nv | 125-150 | |
| IS | 2013 - nv | 150-185 | |
| IS | 2005-2013 | 170-190 | |
| IS | 1999-2005 | 110-120 | |
| LS | 2000 - nv | 125-150 | |
| LX | 1999-2005 | 140-145 | |
| NX | 2014 - nv | 135-165 | |
| RX | 2009-2015 | 115-150 | |
| RX | 2003-2009 | 140 -145 | |
| RX Anyar | 2016 - nv | 125-135 | |
| Lincoln | Navigator | 110-130 | |
| LS | 2004-2010 | 119-127 | |
| LIPHAN | X60 | 2012 - nv | 85-105 |
| Seuri | 2011 - nv | 95-110 | |
| Cellia | 2014 - nv | 75*100 | |
| solano | 2010 - nv | 95-110 | |
| Cebra | 2014 - nv | 90-110 | |
| Mazda | 2 | 2007-2014 | 115-125 |
| 3 | 2012 - nv | 100-130 | |
| 3 | 2006-2012 | 115-125 | |
| 3 | 2014 - nv | 105-125 | |
| 5 | 2013 - nv | 105-140 | |
| 5 | 2005-2010 | 80-100 | |
| 6 | 2012 - nv | 80-110 | |
| 6 | 2007-2012 | 110-130 | |
| 6 | 2002-2007 | 100-140 | |
| CX-5 | 2011 - nv | 100-120 | |
| CX-7 | 2006-2012 | 85-120 | |
| CX-9 | 2007-2016 | 90-120 | |
| panghargaan | 2000-2007 | 85-120 |
Mercedes-Benz, Mini, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Opel, Peugeot, Porsche, Renault, Saab, Korsi, Skoda
| tanda | model | Mangsa-taun pembuatan / awak | Kandel cet, mikron |
| Mercedes-Benz | Hiji kelas | 2012 – n.v (w176) | 90-130 |
| Hiji kelas | 2004–2012 (w169) | 90-115 | |
| Kelas B | 2011 – n.v (w246) | 90-115 | |
| Kelas B | 2005–2011 (W245) | 90-110 | |
| C-Kelas | 2014 – n.v (w205) | 120-140 | |
| C-Kelas | 2007–2015 (W204) | 110-170 | |
| C-Kelas | 2000–2007 (W203) | 110-135 | |
| CL - Kelas | 2007–2014 (C216) | 100-140 | |
| CL - Kelas | 1999–2006 (C215) | 115-140 | |
| CLA - Kelas | 2013 – n.v (S117) | 100-130 | |
| Kelas CLS | 2011 – n.v (W218) | 110-140 | |
| Kelas CLS | 2004 - ayeuna (C219) | 115-130 | |
| CLK - Kelas | 2002–2009 (W209) | 120-140 | |
| E - Kelas | 2009–2016 (W212) | 110-140 | |
| E - Kelas | 2002–2009 (W211) | 230-250 | |
| E - Klasse Coupe | 2010 - ayeuna (C207) | 110-130 | |
| G - Kelas | 1989 – n.v (W463) | 120-140 | |
| GLA - Kelas | 2014 – n.v | 90-120 | |
| GL - Kelas | 2012 - ayeuna (X166) | 90-100 | |
| GL - Kelas | 2006–2012 (X164) | 120-140 | |
| GLE - Kelas | 2015 – n.v | 120-150 | |
| WI - kelas coupe | 2015 – n.v | 120-150 | |
| Kelas GLK | 2008–2015 (X204) | 135-145 | |
| GLS - Kelas | 2016 – n.v | 120-140 | |
| Kelas ML | 2011–2016 (W166) | 100-135 | |
| Kelas ML | 2005–2011 (W164) | 100-130 | |
| Kelas ML | 1997-2005 (W-163) | 110-140 | |
| S-kelas | 2013 – n.v (W222) | 110-120 | |
| S - Kelas | 2005–2013 (W221) | 80-125 | |
| S-kelas | 1998–2005 (W220) | 110-140 | |
| Kelas SL | 2011 – n.v (R231) | 105-120 | |
| vitus | 2014 – n.v (W447) | 100-130 | |
| Sprinter Palasik | 2003 – n.v | 90-100 | |
| sprinter | 2008 – n.v | 80-100 | |
| mini | Paceman | 2012 – n.v | 115-130 |
| Cooper | 2006-2014 | 105-115 | |
| Coupe | 2011 – n.v | 95 -120 | |
| Roadster | 2012 – n.v | 90-110 | |
| Sabangsa | 2010 – n.v | 100-120 | |
| MITSUBISHI | asx | 2015 – n.v | 100-135 |
| Carisma | 2010-2015 | 95-120 | |
| belo | 2004-2010 | 100-140 | |
| 1200 | 2009-2015 | 115-120 | |
| L200Baru | 2002-2009 | 115-150 | |
| Buang 9 | 2003-2007 | 100 -120 | |
| Buang X | 2007 – n.v | 95 -120 | |
| Outlander | 2008-2014 | 115-135 | |
| Outlanderxl | 2011 – n.v | 105-125 | |
| Samurai Outlander | 2014 – n.v | 120-140 | |
| pajero | 2002-2008 | 110-120 | |
| Pajero Olahraga | 2013 – n.v | 95 -130 | |
| Nissan | almeria | 2013 – n.v (G15) | 130-150 |
| almeria | 2000-2006 (N16) | 100-130 | |
| Almera klasik | 2006-2013 | 120-140 | |
| Bluebird Sylphy | 140 -160 | ||
| juke | 2010-2016 | 115-135 | |
| Mikro | 2003–2010 (K13) | 100-120 | |
| Murano | 2008–2016 (Z51) | 95-110 | |
| Murano | 2002–2008 (Z50) | 105-160 | |
| Navara | 2005-2015 (D40) | 120-135 | |
| Catetan | 2005-2014 | 110-140 | |
| Pathfinder | 2014 – n.v | 100-120 | |
| Pathfinder | 2004-2014 | 135-175 | |
| patroli | 2010 – n.v | 110-115 | |
| patroli | 1997-2010 | 80 100 | |
| kahiji | 2002-2007 (P12) | 90-110 | |
| Qashqai | 2013 – n.v (J11) | 100-120 | |
| Qashqai | 2007–2013 (J10) | 110-135 | |
| Qashqai +2 | 2010-2013 | 110-140 | |
| Sentra | 2012 – n.v | 100-120 | |
| Téana | 2014 – n.v | 100-130 | |
| Téana | 2008-2014 | 110-135 | |
| Téana | 2003-2008 | 110-130 | |
| Terran | 2014 – n.v | 115-155 | |
| tiida | 2004-2014 | 120-140 | |
| Tiida Anyar | 2015 – n.v | 100-110 | |
| Jalur X | 2015 – n.v | 100-130 | |
| Jalur X | 2007-2015 | 105-130 | |
| GTR | 2008 – n.v | 170-185 | |
| VAUXHALL | Astra OPC | J 2011–2015 | 120-155 |
| AstraGTC | J 2011–2015 | 115-140 | |
| OPC-lencana | Abdi 2013–2015 | 105-150 | |
| Insignia SW | Abdi 2013–2015 | 90-130 | |
| Corsa | D 2010–2014 | 115-120 | |
| sapir | 2005–2011 | 115-120 | |
| Insignia | Abdi 2008–2015 | 100-140 | |
| Mériva | 2010–2015 | 125-140 | |
| Astra | H 2004-2015 | 110-157 | |
| Astra SW | J 2011–2015 | 120-160 | |
| Astra sédan | J 2011–2015 | 110-130 | |
| Mocha | 2012-2015 | 110-130 | |
| Turis Zafira | C 2012-2015 | 95-135 | |
| vectra | C 2002-2008 | 110-160 | |
| Diantara | 2006-2015 | 100-140 | |
| omega | 2008 | 100-112 | |
| PEUGEOT | 107 | 2005-2014 | 90-120 |
| 206 | 1998-2006 | 130-150 | |
| 206 Sédan | 1998-2012 | 120-152 | |
| 207 | 2006-2013 | 119-147 | |
| 208 | 2013 – n.v | 165-180 | |
| 2008 | 2014 – n.v | 140-160 | |
| 301 | 2013 – n.v | 105-130 | |
| 307 | 2001-2008 | 108-145 | |
| 308 | 2008-2015 | 100-120 | |
| 308 Anyar | 2015 – n.v | 110-160 | |
| 3008 | 2009 – n.v | 100-145 | |
| 407 | 2004-2010 | 100-120 | |
| 408 | 2012 – n.v | 100-115 | |
| 4008 | 2012-2016 | 60-100 | |
| 508 | 2012 – n.v | 110-150 | |
| batur sapagawean | 2007 – n.v | 100-120 | |
| ahli | 2007 – n.v | 95-115 | |
| RCZ | 2010 – n.v | 115-145 | |
| Porsche | Boxter s | 2012--2016 (981) | 95-116 |
| Cayene | 2010 – n.v (988) | 120-140 | |
| Cayene | 2002--2010 (955) | 120-140 | |
| maung | 2013 – n.v | 116-128 | |
| Panaméra | 2009 – n.v | 110-140 | |
| Renault | Logan | 2014 – n.v | 130-155 |
| Logan | 2004-2015 | 120-150 | |
| sandero | 2014 – n.v | 130-155 | |
| sandero | 2009-2014 | 110-130 | |
| Jalan satapak Sandero | 2010-2014 | 145-160 | |
| Megan | 2009 – n.v | 125-145 | |
| Megan | 2003-2009 | 115-135 | |
| Megane RS | 2009 – n.v | 170-240 | |
| Fluence | 2010 – n.v | 130-155 | |
| Clio | 2005-2012 | 130-150 | |
| simbul | 2008-2012 | 90-120 | |
| Laguna | 2007-2015 | 130-160 | |
| Koléos | 2008-2015 | 130 - 150 | |
| Duster | 2011 – n.v | 130-165 | |
| BISA | 9-3 | 2002-2012 | 110-130 |
| 9-5 | 1997-2010 | 130-150 | |
| kalinggihan | Leon | III 2013 | 130 - 145 |
| Léon ST | III 2013 | 170- 200 | |
| Leon cupra | II 2009 | 130-160 | |
| Alhambra | II 2010 | 140-155 | |
| Ibiza | IV 2012 | 105-130 | |
| SKODA | Fabia | 2007-2015 | 130-155 |
| oktaf | 2013 – n.v | 160-190 | |
| oktaf | 2004-2013 | 160-180 | |
| gancang | 2012 – n.v | 160-193 | |
| Kamar | 2006-2015 | 110-130 | |
| Yeti | 2009 – n.v | 140-180 | |
| luhung | 2015 – n.v | 125-150 | |
| luhung | 2008-2015 | 110-140 |
Ssang Yong, Subaru, Suzuki, Tesla, Toyota, Volkswagen, Volvo, GAZ, UAZ
| tanda | model | Mangsa-taun pembuatan / awak | Kandel cet, mikron |
| Ssangyong | Actyon | 2010 – n.v | 110-140 |
| Kyron | 2005 – n.v | 100-110 | |
| Rexton | 2002 – n.v | 120-150 | |
| SUBARU | BRZ | 2012-2016 | 110-160 |
| Forester | 2013 – n.v | 100-140 | |
| Forester | 2008-2013 | 105-140 | |
| Impreza | 2012 – n.v | 110-140 | |
| Impreza | 2005-2012 | 125-140 | |
| WRX | 2014 – n.v | 85-130 | |
| WRX-STI | 2005-2014 | 115-150 | |
| warisan | 2009-2014 | 110-140 | |
| warisan | 2003-2009 | 110-115 | |
| Outback | 2015 – n.v | 110-130 | |
| Outback | 2009-2014 | 115-130 | |
| XV | 2011 – n.v | 110-155 | |
| Tribeca | 2005-2014 | 140-170 | |
| SUZUKI | SX4 | 2006-2016 | 120-135 |
| SX4 Anyar | 2013 – n.v | 115-125 | |
| Swift | 2010-2015 | 115-135 | |
| Vitara | 2014 – n.v | 90-120 | |
| Grand vitara | 2005 – n.v | 95-120 | |
| Jimmy | 1998 – n.v | 100-130 | |
| cereceskeun | 2008-2015 | 90-115 | |
| Tesla | model S | 2012 – n.v | 140-180 |
| TOYOTA | alfard | 2015 – n.v | 100-140 |
| alfard | 2008-2014 | 105-135 | |
| Auris | 2012 - ayeuna (E160) | 100-130 | |
| Auris | 2007-2012 (E140) | 115-130 | |
| Éstés | 2009–2015 (T260) | 80-120 | |
| Éstés | 2003–2009 (T240) | 80-110 | |
| Hiji sél | 1999–2006 (T230) | 120-145 | |
| Camry | 2011 – n.v (XV50) | 120-145 | |
| Camry | 2006–2011 (XV40) | 125-145 | |
| Camry | 2001–2006 (XV30) | 120-150 | |
| Corolla | 2013 - ayeuna (E170) | 100-130 | |
| Corolla | 2006-2013 (E150) | 90-110 | |
| Corolla | 2001-2007 (E120) | 100-130 | |
| Corolla Hatchback | 2010 – n.v | 110-140 | |
| Corolla Balik | 2005 – n.v | 100-110 | |
| Rexton | 2002 – n.v | 120-150 | |
| GT86 | 2012-2016 | 110-160 | |
| hilux | 2013 – n.v | 100-140 | |
| Highlander | 2008-2013 | 105-140 | |
| Highlander | 2007–2014 (U40) | 135-150 | |
| Land Cruiser 100 | 1997-2007 | 110-135 | |
| Land Cruiser 200 | 2007 – n.v | 120-160 | |
| Land Cruiser Prado 120 | 2002-2009 | 80-110 | |
| Land Cruiser Prado 150 | 2009 – n.v | 110-135 | |
| Prius | 2009-2015 | 80-110 | |
| Prius | 2003-2009 | 110-120 | |
| Rabbi 4 | 2013 – n.v | 115-140 | |
| Rabbi 4 | 2006-2013 | 80-110 | |
| Rabbi 4 | 2000-2005 | 80-100 | |
| Darso | 2009 – n.v | 120-160 | |
| Ka | 2012 – n.v | 175-210 | |
| Yaris | 2005-2011 | 80-95 | |
| Sienna | 115-125 | ||
| rejeki | 110-125 | ||
| Volkswagen | Amarok | 2010 – n.v | 115-135 |
| Kumbang | 2013 – n.v | 150-220 | |
| Bora | 1998-2005 | 120-145 | |
| Karavel | 2009-2015 | 105-135 | |
| golep | 2013 – n.v (MkVII) | 100-130 | |
| golep | 2009–2012 (MkVI) | 80-120 | |
| golep | 2003-2009 (MkV) | 120-140 | |
| golep | 1997-2003 (MkIV) | 120-140 | |
| Pluse Pluse | 2009-2014 | 120-140 | |
| Jetta | 2011 – n.v (MkVI) | 140-155 | |
| Jetta | 2005-2011 (MkV) | 120-140 | |
| Multivan | 2015 – n.v | 90-135 | |
| Kapungkur | 2015 – n.v (B8) | 180-220 | |
| Kapungkur | 2011-2016 (B7) | 110-130 | |
| Kapungkur | 2005-2011 (B6) | 120-140 | |
| CC kapungkur | 2008 – n.v | 120-130 | |
| Sirocco | 2009-2016 | 125-145 | |
| Caddy | 2013 | 115-130 | |
| polo | 2014 | 110-130 | |
| Sedan polo | |||
| Tiguan | 2011 | 190-220 | |
| Touareg hibrid | 2014 | 180-200 | |
| Touareg | 2013 | 130-215 | |
| wisata | |||
| Transporter | |||
| Pangrajin | |||
| Volvo | C30 | 2013 | 105-140 |
| S40 | |||
| V40 | |||
| V50 | |||
| S60 | 2003 | 110-130 | |
| S60 | II 2011 | 95-115 | |
| V70 | |||
| S80 | 2013 | 105-140 | |
| XC60 | 2013 | 115-135 | |
| XC70 | 2013 | 105-140 | |
| XC90 | 2013 | 115-135 | |
| Gas | siber | 2008 | 90-105 |
| 31105 | 2006 | 80 | |
| Sable | |||
| gazelle | |||
| Gazelle Salajengna | |||
| UAZ | pamatang | ||
| Patriot |
Tips Kamanusaan sarta Studi
Rata-rata, pabrikan masihan jaminan 3 taun pikeun cet, tapi aya seueur nuansa anu henteu tumiba dina kaayaan. Kituna, anjeun kedah leres miara palapis. Janten bakal lami. Ieu sababaraha tips:
- entong ngusap kokotor garing ku kaén garing;
- entong ngantepkeun mobil handapeun panonpoe salami-lami, lampu ultraviolét gaduh pangaruh ngarugikeun kana cet, éta diudar;
- siki poplar ngaluarkeun résin, anu ngacapruk cet nalika dipanaskeun, ulah nempatkeun mobil handapeun poplars;
- kotoran japati pisan kaustik sareng ogé korét cet;
- langkung sering nerapkeun semir pelindung sapertos kaca cair, ieu bakal nyiptakeun lapisan tambahan;
- ulah sering nganggo polesan kasar, sabab ieu ngaleungitkeun sababaraha mikron lapisanana;
- ngoperasikeun kandaraan kalayan ati-ati, ulah ngeruk ku dahan, jsb.
Cet, sapertos awak, mangrupikeun salah sahiji elemen anu paling mahal dina mobil. Kaayaan cét tiasa nyarios seueur perkawis mobilna. Pangukuran anu leres tina ketebalan sareng penilaian kaayaan cét bakal ngabantosan ngagaleuh mobil tilas.
Patarosan na waleran:
Sakumaha kandelna cét dina mobil? Cat pabrik dina sadaya model mobil gaduh ketebalan rata-rata 90 dugi ka 160 mikron. Ieu babarengan jeung jas primer, cet base jeung varnish.
Kumaha leres ngukur ketebalan cet? Pikeun ieu, gauge ketebalan dianggo. Pikeun leres nangtukeun lapisan sakabéh paintwork lamun meuli mobil dipaké, anjeun kudu pariksa ketebalan dina sababaraha tempat mobil (hateup, panto, fenders).
Sabaraha microns sanggeus lukisan? Eta gumantung kana naon alesan pikeun lukisan. Lamun mesin pencét, bakal aya lapisan putty. The gauge ketebalan bakal nunjukkeun ketebalan lapisan ieu ogé (eta nangtukeun jarak ka logam).
